MLA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MLA - Essay Example Michael scores rather good grades in the primary classification of Need for Achievement. He is consistently idealistic and exceptionally independent. He is independently employed, does his own cooking, fixes his car, and keeps up a nursery. In any event, when he is confronting a hardship, he has the forward-looking drive to oversee his arrangements and let nature run its course. For instance, at whatever point he accomplishes something, in the case of preparing a cake or fixing a vehicle, he generally makes a special effort to take care of subtleties that are practically trifling. However, that is the stuff to be an ambitious person. He is a stickler and an over achiever that is only here and there influenced from the job needing to be done. In the subsequent classification, Need for Independence and Autonomy, Michael would be considered amazingly venturesome. He is independently employed in a small time business and consistently accomplishes all the work himself with no outside or recruited help. He is resolved and never gets shook by pressure or surprising occasions. He loathes taking requests, however I have consistently ascribed that to his short stretch in the military. Michael does whatever him might want to do as per his own calendar. Michael additionally has the Creative Tendencies required to be an effective enterpriser. He composes verse, short stories, and is chipping away at a novel. What's more, he plays a few instruments and has composed more than 200 tunes. Each time I see Michael, he is educating me regarding some new thought for an item whose patent will pick up him acclaim and fortune. In any case, while his composing is generally excellent, he has truth be told, restricted achievement. His melodies mope in his brain and never make it into the studio or before the record makers. His thoughts are before long overlooked as he proceeds onward to the following blockbuster. Michael has the imagination to be ambitious, yet something must keep him down. Michael is a daring person, however is mindful so as not to risk a lot without a moment's delay. While I have seen him leave a great job to

Episode Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scene Analysis - Essay Example The Host, Dr. Richard Jackson, MD, MPH is a pediatrician by calling, worked with the CDC before turning out to be seat at the UCLA division of wellbeing Sciences. Jackson accepts that America was worked in a way that didn't cook for the wellbeing needs of individuals. Doing the examination in nature and human wellbeing, Richardson understood that individuals are not doing what's necessary to acknowledge what impacts in the ecological are influencing their wellbeing. The writer built up the TV arrangement and composed the book as a stage to help make mindfulness on the impacts the present condition individuals have made has on wellbeing. In the scene, the storyteller gives data on the connection among weight and Type 2 diabetes. Individuals become corpulent predominantly because of undesirable ways of life. Because of weight, there are high odds of such a person to create Type 2 Diabetes. As indicated by CDC (2014) kids encountering corpulence have higher probabilities of creating pre-diabetic conditions. A comparable research found a connection among stoutness and Type 2 Diabetes in Norway (Hjartaker, Langlesh, and Weiderpass, 2008). Most general medical issues confronting the American Society is identified with their ways of life. The most widely recognized general wellbeing danger is the reliance of Americans on vehicles. The separation between home, shopping center and the work environment is huge to the degree that numerous individuals need to drive each day. Individuals spent numerous hours driving subsequently diminishing their opportunity to work out. Notwithstanding the absence of activity, reliance on quick nourishments is another wellbeing peril confronting general wellbeing and the American people group. Unfitness and eating of low quality nourishment is the fundamental explanation clarifying the high pace of stoutness among Americans (Jackson, 2013). Poor urban arranging, Poor dietary patterns and way of life are a portion of the components coming about to expanded paces of constant infections among a great many people. Be that as it may, as per

Climate, Copenhagen, and Columbia COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Climate, Copenhagen, and Columbia COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was prepared by SIPA Student Joshua Huneycutt, a second year MIA student concentrating in Energy and Environmental Policy. Image Courtesy of suburbanbloke via Flickr As the world prepares for the upcoming global climate summit in Copenhagen this December, there’s a flurry of activity here at SIPA and Columbia.     Following British climate economist Lord Stern (link here) and controversial Danish environment minister Connie Hedegaard’s (link here) visits to the 15th floor of SIPA last month, there have been a number lively debates, lectures, and events surrounding the question of whether or not the US and the rest of the world can forge agreements and pass legislation to prevent a global climate catastrophe. Columbia’s establishment of the Columbia Climate Center (link: http://climate.columbia.edu/) this past spring reaffirmed the university’s commitment to comprehensively tackling the issue.   With Columbia Law School’s hiring of leading climate law expert Michael Gerrard and SIPA’s appointment of Scott Barrett, a lead author of the IPPC’s second assessment report, to the SIPA faculty, climate policy issues have been put in the spotlight on campus. On top of stellar new faculty and engaging events, SIPA gives students the opportunities to engage directly with agenda-setting organizations on matters related to climate change.   For example, I participated in a consulting workshop group that advised the World Bank on incorporating climate adaptation considerations into their lending mechanisms and helped to overhaul a computer-based climate risk analysis tool. Regardless of what happens in Copenhagen, SIPA and the Columbia community will continue to expand their offerings to help those dedicated to finding viable solutions to these great challenges.   Check out a few climate-related events that took place: __________________________ 10/29 What is the Global Warming Intensity of a Vehicle Fuel?   Uncertainty, Life Cycle Analysis, and Time in the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard and Beyond. We have the pleasure of welcoming Michael OHare, Professor of Public Policy in the Goldman School of Public Policy at UC-Berkeley, for an informational lecture and discussion on his research regarding the use of alternative fuels. A few months ago, the Air Resources Board of the State of California adopted a Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), a 10% reduction in greenhouse emissions by 2020, and Professor OHares team at Berkeley was responsible for a large amount of the policys supporting research. This groundbreaking legislation was passed with the notable inclusion of indirect land use change (LUC), the conversion of land used to grow food into land used to grow corn specifically for ethanol, as a source of emissions, overcoming the intense lobbying efforts of the ethanol biofuel industry with indisputable research on the effects of LUC. Professor OHare will share many of his teams discoveries, as well as comment on their potential and actual impacts on local, state, and national climate change policy.   Join us for a lively discussion of an important facet of the current climate change debate. Thursday, Oct. 29th at 3 pm Location: 1512 International Affairs Building This event is being co-sponsored by The Earth Institute, the Columbia Climate Center, the Master in Public Administration program in Environmental Science and Policy, and the Master in Public Administration in Environmental Policy Studies Energy and Environment Concentration program. 10/30 LDEO Earth Science Colloquium: Assessing Resilience of Past Societies to Climatic Change: the Case of Angkor’s 15th Century Collapse and Reorganization Speaker: Dan Penny, Australian Research Council (ARC) Fellow, University of Sidney Friday October 30 3:30 to 4:30 p.m. Location: Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Monell Building Auditorium Web Site: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news-events/earth-science-colloquium/2009-2010

television addiction Essay - 1578 Words

Addicted to Television nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The temptations that can disrupt human life are often caused by pure indulgences. That which we most desire may ultimately harm and destroy us. For example, no one has to drink alcohol. Realizing when a diversion has gotten out of control, such as alcohol, is one of the greatest challenges of life. These excessive cravings do not necessarily involve physical substances. Gambling can be compulsive, leading to great financial distress; sex can become obsessive, often altering a persons mentality and behavior. However, one activity is repeatedly over-looked. Most people admit to having a love-hate relationship with it. It is America’s most popular leisure past-time, the television. It is†¦show more content†¦What causes our profound interest in the television? The amount of time that people spend watching television is astonishing. The average individual will devote three hours a day to watch television. At this rate, a person who lives to be 75 would spend a total of ni ne years in front of the television. Based on polls taken in 1992 and 1999, two out of five adults and seven out of ten teenagers said they spend too much time in front of the television; roughly 10 percent of the adults called themselves television addicts. To study the physical and mental reactions to television, scientists have conducted experiments monitoring brain waves, skin resistance and the heart rate of people watching television. After analyzing the data, scientists discovered that people viewing television reported feeling relaxed and passive. More relaxed than while reading a book. Studies have also shown that the relaxation caused from watching ended once the television was turned-off, but the feelings of passivity and lowered alertness continued. Viewers reported having difficulty concentrating after viewing than before. After playing sports or engaging in hobbies, people repot improvements in mood. After watching television, people report that their moods are about t he same or worse. One of the reasons that we are so attracted to the television is our â€Å"orienting response†. First described by Ivan Pavlov in 1927, â€Å" †¦ the orienting response is our instinctive visual or auditory reaction to anyShow MoreRelated Television Addiction Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For roughly sixty years television has been a part of most Americans lives. For some, it is mainly a source of information. For others, television takes on a much more significant role. Many Americans spend hours of their daily life in front of the tube, but are the people entwined in the plot of the average sit com., or are they trapped by the clutches of perpetual, mind- numbing entertainment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Addiction is a strong word. It is now even consideredRead More Television Addiction Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision Addiction Marie Winn makes a convincing argument that watching too much television can be considered an addiction. Television has become a way of life for most families. Television viewing is so overwhelmingly prevalent nowadays that living without TV is often considered an extreme deprivation. TVs are everywhere, whether you are in a hospital, auto shop, or in the dentist’s office, there’s always a television by the waiting area. It’s a useful tool to help you from the boredom ofRead More Television Addiction related to Children Essay703 Words   |  3 Pages According to Rita Dove, the author of â€Å"Loose Ends,† and â€Å"Television Addiction,† by Marie Winn. Both authors often share the same the views about television. But television addiction is more expressed in Ms. Winn’s essay. However, Ms. Dove speaks of a more personal experience with her daughter, and how the television is an issue in her household. Although, Ms.Dove says in her essay, â⠂¬Å"For years the following scene would play daily at our house: Home from school, my daughter would have her backpackRead MoreReview of Television Addiction is no Mere Metaphor Essay examples603 Words   |  3 PagesTelevision Addiction Is No Mere Metaphor Have you ever heard the expression love hurts? Sometimes its the things that we want most that can hurt us. In Television Addiction Is No Mere Metaphor, an article published in Scientific American on February 23, 2002 by Robert Kubey and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, we see how this expressions meaning has some truth to it. The things that we are addicted to are not necessities but are desires instead. Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi give the best exampleRead MoreTelevision Addiction1606 Words   |  7 PagesAddicted to Television The temptations that can disrupt human life are often caused by pure indulgences. That which we most desire may ultimately harm and destroy us. For example, no one has to drink alcohol. Realizing when a diversion has gotten out of control, such as alcohol, is one of the greatest challenges of life. These excessive cravings do not necessarily involve physical substances. Gambling can be compulsive, leading to great financial distress; sex can become obsessive, often alteringRead More The Negative Impact of Exposing Children to Media Violence Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pageswill limit the definition of (mass) media to television, and, subsequently, violent (mass) media to television programs that contain violent acts. By children, I will be referring to people of age 18 and below who live in the U.S., since this group is the focus of the majority of the research data that I have used. I will begin my argument by acknowledging a counter argument to my position. I will then go on to disc uss the negative effects of television on children. These effects include an increaseRead MoreThe Importance Of Television In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury997 Words   |  4 PagesYour average American spends 5 hours a day watching television. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is a science fiction novel where the characters spend a majority of their time in their tv parlor. Taken as a whole, television is a source of evil in 2017. First, television poses a distraction from real life both in Fahrenheit 451 and in present 2017. In the chase scene, Montag demonstrates that people are so caught in television they forget or don’t know reality. It says on page 131,† With an effortRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1217 Words   |  5 Pageswatched a television. Televisions are so familar to many people. It is one of the blockbuster inventions of all time. Back in ten years ago, the television is how people get the news, and how they entertain themselve, not a computer. Computers in ten years ago were a comlicated machine to use. Even in the twenty first century, the computers or many other high technology machines have much more advance features than a television, but they can be seen as present-day duplicates of televisions. MostlyRead MoreViolence in the Media Essays684 Words   |  3 PagesFarnsworth was the true inventor of television in 1927. He had no idea that thirty-five years later his inventions would not only be in ninety percent of Americans homes, but also strongly effect everyone that watched it. Following the introduction of television into the United States, the annual homicide rate increased by ninety-three percent(Journal of the American Medical Association). With the invention of television came the job of broadcasting shows on to the television. Broadcasters soon found whatRead More Affluenza: An American Epidemic Essay examples852 Words   |  4 Pages affluenza is a compulsive addiction to shopping, which can be cured by spending less time consuming and more time enjoying life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As the majority of parents work longer hours then other parents did in the past to support their families, children are left at home under the supervision of a television set. The television set constantly teaches children how to be good consumers. Advertisements which appear on television are designed to make children

A Final Defense Of Utilitarianism Essay - 746 Words

A final defense of Utilitarianism: In regard to Mill’s Proof of utility, N7 disputes claiming that it commits the fallacy of composition. He is not the first to do so. â€Å"Such allegations began to emerge in Mill’s lifetime, shortly after the publication of Utilitarianism, and persisted for well over a century.†(1) It is important to note however that â€Å"the tide has been turning in recent discussions.†(1) Necip Fikri Alican’s even wrote an entire book on this entitled, â€Å"Mill’s Principle of Utility: A Defense of John Stuart Mill’s Notorious Proof.† Several others have also rejected the claim of fallacy. â€Å"Hall and Popkin defend Mill against this accusation pointing out that he begins Chapter Four by asserting that questions of ultimate ends do not admit of proof, in the ordinary acceptation of the term and that this is common to all first principles. According to Hall and Popkin, therefore, Mill does not attempt to establish that what people do des ire is desirable but merely attempts to make the principles acceptable. The type of proof Mill is offering consists only of some considerations which, Mill thought, might induce an honest and reasonable man to accept utilitarianism.(2) N7 claims that â€Å"all I need to do is show that there is another value which we desire.† Utilitarianism covers this. â€Å"Virtue, according to the utilitarian doctrine, is not naturally and originally part of the end, but it is capable of becoming so; and in those who love it disinterestedly it hasShow MoreRelatedKantian Ethics vs. Utilitarianism Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Explain Onora O’neil’s argument for preferring Kantian ethics to Utilitarianism. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;How would Richard Taylor respond to O’neil’s defense of Kantianism? In the following questions, Onora O’neil defends Kantian ethics while Richard Taylor agrees more with the Utilitarian ethics view. To fully understand both views and why each author defends their view, a brief introduction of each author and who they are is necessary. Onora O’neilRead MoreScandal and the government1248 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters have within themselves and the government. Capitalism, Tyranny, Elitism, and Utilitarianism are all present in the political drama Scandal. An example of capitalism in the popular show scandal comes from a secret organization called B613. In the show the organization is similar to the secretive C.I.A however, Instead of answering to the President, B613 answer to no one . Mr. Pope controls everything and has final say on all. He works coincide with the republic party. Whether or not informationRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 PagesBeidong Zhang Philosophy 108 Prof. Meredith Gunning Final Examination December, 6, 2014 Section A Moral theories of Utilitarianism and Deontology Utilitarianism and deontological ethics are two major theories of ethics, specifying and justifying moral principles. Utilitarianism has been clarified by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham proposed that actions are based upon the consequences (Moreland, 2009), and ongoing work on his theory will help in providing groundsRead MoreA Defense Of Abortion By Judith Thomson1678 Words   |  7 Pagestakes precedence; an unborn fetus’ life or its mother’s right to her body? Anti-abortionist argue that the life of an unborn fetus has priority, and thus abortion is morally impermissible as it violates the fetus’ right to life. In her article â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†, Judith Thomson argues that abortion is morally permissible under the certain conditions where the rights of the fetus fail to surpass a mother’s right of choice. For the sake of her argument, Thomson allows the assumption that a fetusRead MoreLifeboat Dile mm The Queen V. Dudley And Stephens903 Words   |  4 PagesLifeboat Dilemma ¬ Final CASE: The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens FACTS: A boat with four men aboard took on water after being hit by a large wave resulting in boat sinking, during the summer of 1884. All four men boarded a lifeboat however the only provisions were two cans of turnips. The four people were Dudley - Captain, Stephens -  ¬ First Mate, Brooks -Sailor and Parker - Cabin Boy. The foods in the hopes of being rescued before the rations were used. They consumed no food or waterRead MoreGun Control Is Necessary, And Delay Means More Death And Horror1305 Words   |  6 PagesDictionary offers that a handgun is â€Å"a small gun that you can hold and fire with one hand.† I view the phrase ‘private ownership’ as ownership by people who are not officially associated with the state. The affirmative will support the value of utilitarianism, which as defined as â€Å"the belief that the right course of action is the one that will produce the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people.† In order to achieve my value premise, the affirmative offers the criterion of cost benefitRead MoreEvaluating The Ethical Principles Of An Axis And Identifying Concrete Points At Which Certain Values Outweigh Others?1549 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent principles are considered separate lines whe n determining ethics. Field and Caplan make a decision that mandatory vaccination is ethical based on the overlap of autonomy and utilitarianism. The four principles that slope in the same direction could be considered additively, as all contribute some weight to the final decision about the ethics of compulsory vaccination. Where Field and Caplan apply situational weight to competing ethical theories, Jessica Flanigan argues that mandatory vaccinationRead MoreMy Philosophy : Critical Thinking1858 Words   |  8 Pagesmakes up an object, such as the bricks in a building. The efficient cause examines the preceding force that pushes an object into existence. This is comparable to a God creating life. The last cause is called the final cause. This cause examines the ultimate purpose of an object. A tree’s final cause is to reproduce, so another tree may flourish as well. Aristotle’s metaphysical theory was historically important because it profoundly shaped the early beliefs of science. His work is regarded as beingRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Ethical Theory920 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill believed in the ethical theory (utilitarianism). Everyone should act in such way to bring the largest possibly balance of good over evil. The goodness of an act may be determined by the consequences of that act. Consequences are determined by the amount of happiness or unhappiness caused. A good man is one who considers the other man s pleasure as equally as his own. Each person s happiness is equally important. Mill believed that a free act is not an undetermined act. It isRead MoreThere Are Three Majors Of Ethical Study In Philosophy.1824 Words   |  8 PagesThere are three majors of ethical study in philosophy. Based on three important pieces, which are â€Å"Nicomachean† by Aristotle which talks about virtue ethics, â€Å"Utilitariani sm† by Mills which talks about Utilitarianism, and â€Å"simplified of Kants Ethics† by Onara O’neill, we can compare three types of ethics that is important to learn in philosophy of ethics. Starting with Aristotle idea of virtue ethics, which was written in Nicomachean Ethics. In the first book, Aristotle talks about the Human Goods

Midterm Congressional Elections Free Essays

On 7 November 2006, the United States midterm elections were held. Results of the said elections show that the Democratic Party got the majority in the gubernatorial seats as well as the United States House and Senate seats. This feat was dubbed as the â€Å"Democrat Revolution† as the Democratic Party mustered enough seats in both houses of the legislature for the first time since 1994. We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm Congressional Elections or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditionally speaking, the US midterm elections was seen as an assessment of the incumbent political leaders – whether their political and economic policies are acceptable to the American people, whether conditions of living has markedly improved during the President’s administration. This 2006 elections is no different from that traditional viewpoint. In fact, social critics did hope for a Democrat victory as a clear and concrete manifestation of the disgust of the public on how President Bush administers his office. In a sense, it concretized the past negative net satisfaction that America has been giving the incumbent president. Given that the recently held elections was an assessment of the Republican President and its supportive Republican Congress, let us take a look at how the voters appraised their leaders. I agree at how political analysts gave the remark that the Americans voted through the issues of national and international import rather than of the local affect. The global image of America was at stake with the manner of handling of the Bush administration with Iraq. Yes, the US invasion of Iraq proved to be a quagmire for President Bush. Two years after he had declared that the war was over and we have brought â€Å"democracy† to that side of the middle east and even after the capture of Saddam Hussein, US troops continue to be maimed and die in the fronts of Iraq. Though until now, the supposed weapons of mass destruction are yet to be found in Iraq while its neighbors and other countries are the obvious ones that harbor these weapons. Honesty is an issue here as the public believes that they were led to support a war that could prove to be a bigger blunder in the contemporary world history. Americans felt they were deceived,  and this perception was shown in the past surveys. Only, it was concretized in the recent midterm elections. The Democrats promised reforms in the Iraq policy, and it also mirrored their platform for changes in the present international policies of the US government, i.e. war on terror. However, this is just one side of the idea running in the heads of Americans on Election Day. The other half, which stems from the â€Å"war on terror† policy, is homeland security. The haphazard management of President Bush on the Iraq war, including war crimes and economic costs, did trickle down to the manner of homeland administration. The people can very well remember how the Bush administration mismanaged its disaster and security measures during Hurricane Katrina. Still related with the national and international policies, the immigration policy of the Bush administration has been highly criticized. Though the Americans understand that the issue of security is a factor in the hard-line immigration policy, most believe also that it must not go overboard to even create an environment that fueled anti-America. To the general public, that is a no-no, of course. Homeland security policies must not fuel another rage of racial discrimination in this free country. What then should we expect with a Democrat Congress and a Republican President?   Some pessimists say: not much. While the more optimists say that there will be marked changes built on the former, but the running current may most likely pull the same efforts as before. Clashes between the Iraq issues will have to happen, and this might be good for a democratic country in the name of the highly-regarded principle of check-and-balance. The situation, though, is that President Bush still has the final say in the arena of international security policies like that of Iraq.   In the end, we are always hopeful that this will improve the lives of the Americans here and abroad. We are always hopeful that the changes will be done. How to cite Midterm Congressional Elections, Essay examples

Strategic Human Resource Management at Sears

Introduction The following research paper shall try to assess the issue of strategic human resource management at Sears. The main focus of the paper willl be on the key human resource infrastructure that Sears has implemented and which has proven to be a success. Use shall also be made of the various human resource approaches and theories in discussing the case.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Human Resource Management at Sears specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the research paper shall also attempt to formulate possible research questions that could be asked in a bid to address the challenges facing Sears as the company tries to remain competitive. Understanding of the case The following research paper is an attempt to examine the issue of strategic human resource management at Sears. In particular, the research paper shall attempt to examine the nature of HR management systems implemented at Sears. Therefore, the writer shall try to evaluate the significant transformation that the organisation has undergone under the leadership of its CEO, Arthur Martinez. As a result of this transformation, the management at Sears has paved way for the adoption of high impact HR policies by the organisation. The management at Sears has realised that one way of transforming and turning around the organisation is by developing and communicating the company’s corporate vision, mission, and goals to its workforce. Before the organisation could arrive at this decision, it had to first experiment with the more ‘traditional’ vision and mission statement. However, when this could no longer work, the management saw it fit to drop the idea and instead, adopt a more integrated conceptual model of organisation performance that connects employees, shareholders, and customers. This was because the traditional approach showed minimal direct effect on employee behaviour. Through this experimentation, Sears has also realised that by transforming the organisation into an environment worth shopping, the company is in effect helping to improve the behavior of its employees and by extension, increase customer retention and sales revenues. By executing this process, it also emerged that very few employees of the company were aware of the operation and financial aspects of Sears’ business (Kirn et al. 334). Once the organisation had realised this, the management deemed it necessary to come up with an intervention strategy that would help to enhance the economic literacy of its employees. In addition, the intervention strategy that the company developed was also geared towards reinforcing its vision and mission, and integrating these elements with the three Cs model.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The three Cs models that Sears has adopted entail creating an ideal environment where the company’s employee can go about their job-related activities. This is aimed at changing employees’ attitudes towards their jobs and the company in general. The other C involves creating a compelling place where customers can shop. This is aimed at increasing customer retention and satisfaction. The third C involves creating a compelling place for investment. By creating an ideal environment for investment, the company is looking forward to increasing its growth revenue, increasing its return on assets, as well as increasing its operating margins. In other words, the three Cs connect employees with the shareholders and customers. To further reinforce the three Cs, Sears has since developed Learning Maps that touches on such diverse areas as the company’s ownership, the company’s performance indicators, and customers, among others. This helps to inform and engage the workers. In a bid to reinforce its mission, vision, values and goals, Sears has also developed the Sears University. The goal is to enable employees to integrate the company’s leadership dimensions with the aforementioned three Cs. Teaching at the university is conducted by the company’s managers as they are more knowledgeable about the company’s desired leadership dimension. Classes are normally conducted in the form of team or work groups. Such an arrangement has been deemed necessary as it is an ideal way of facilitating the transfer of knowledge. It is important to note that this project has largely been successful due to strong ties between Sears’ strategy, the curriculum, as well as the company’s senior management buy-in (Kirn et al. 336). The impressive turnaround at Sears can also be attributed to the incentive compensation and performance management systems that the organisation has put in place. In a bid to achieve this goal, multi-perspective performance appraisal, hitherto only directed at the company’s managers, has now been implemented en masse by the organization. This has played a key role in increasing employees and managers accountability to the organisation’s shareholders. The remuneration that the employees and the management at Sears earn is usually pegged on the company’s performance. As such, both the employees and the management have a duty to ensure that the company succeeds as they are also likely to benefit in the process. At the same time, there has been an upward improvement in incentive pay levels. This is aimed at retaining employees with high potential and also attracting potential employees with similar qualities. Sears has also improved its performance competency by improving its employee selection system. This system include among others, the use of selection tools that can detect the dependability and customer service aptitude of an applicant.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Human Resou rce Management at Sears specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysis of human resource theories and concepts applicable to the Sears case study The management at Sears has approached its management issues from a broad spectrum perspective by focusing mainly on strategic HR issues and processes. A high number of organisations are now opting to address this issue. For a long time, financial and economic issues of an organisation have been instrumental in shaping the business process of an organisation. However, many organisations are now realising the need to also address their human resource issues and policies as well, as these have been seen to have a direct impact on the firm’s well-being and financial status. Majority of the organisations tend to adopt a reactive approach in dealing with their human resource issue. What this means is that issues only get to be deal with after they have already happened. Other firms though tend to be more proactive (Thompson and Richardson 19). In this case, they are able to forecast the likelihood of certain issues happening and so they put in place the necessary mechanism well in advance to deal with such issues. In the case of Sears, the company’s transformation under Martinez has also seen it embrace a more proactive approach to issues (Kirn et al. 332). This is evidenced in the choice of employee selection system and in the company’s decision to improve employee behaviour as a way of improving customer retention and also increasing sales. The way an organisation manages its human resources will undoubtedly have a bearing on its performance. So far, numerous studies have been carried out with the intention of identifying specific management practices that when successfully implemented are bound to result in more proactive, satisfied, as well as motivated employees. On the other hand, it is not until recently that focus has shifted to there has been a focu s on how employee relations and people management affects the firm’s bottom line. In a research study conducted by Guest and Conway (27), the findings of this particular research revealed that one of the fundamental aspects of good people management practice is skills development, job design, as well as creating an environment that affords both employees and the management regular and systematic involvement in the activities of the firm. In the case of Sears, the organisation has realised the need for skills development and in a bid to ensure that its employees have better skills in running the affairs of the company (Guest and Conway 27). The management has deemed it necessary to open the Sears University where managers can impart knowledge about the organisation’s corporate vision, mission, and goals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Berndt (16) notes that there is a positive correlation between work performance and an organisation’s culture that allows employees to believe that indeed, their employers have their best interests at heart. Perhaps it is for the same reason that Sears has developed a plan to assess and change the attitude of its employees towards their jobs and the company as well. Guest and Conway (28) talks of an association between the performance of a business and the application of sound human resource management practices. Towards this end, Guest and Conway (29) argue that such an association is largely determined by the commitment as well as the quality of the workforce. In a bid to improve the quality of its workforce, Sears has developed competency in the area of employee selection system. To do so, the organisation has had to develop and execute a number of selection tools for its employees (Pfeffer 20). There is also a detailed employee interview guide in place to assist with this exercise. The organization has further made it a company policy that selection tools be administered to all potential applicants. Theoretical approaches According to Thompson and Richardson (11), the key fundamental approaches namely, the best practice approach, the configurational approach, and the contingency approach are best suited to summarise the relationship between business performance and people management. According to the best practice approach, any organisation that wishes to realise improved performance must implement key management polices to facilitate this. Pfeffer (11) contends that the success of an organisation is largely dependent on the manner in which such an organisation treats its employees. Pfeffer (1998) observes that such practices include job security, ensuring that only the right candidates are recruited for various positions, increasing employee remuneration and pegging it on organisational performance, sharing knowledge and information. In the case of Sears, the company has linked employee and managerial compensation on performance. Another incentive that Sears gives its employees in a bid to bolster its performance is annual stock option grants. The employee selection system that Sears has employed emphasizes on an applicant’s â€Å"dependability† and â€Å"customer service attitude†. This helps to improve customer retention and improve revenue collection. Another theoretical approach worth of consideration is the contingency approach. Proponents of this approach contend that human resource practices and polices ought to be integrated with other organisational factors so as to realise improved performance (Berndt 18). In a bid to achieve this particular goal, the management at Sears has seen it fit to implement a strategy that would help to reinforce its values, vision, mission, goals, as well as the aforementioned three Cs. The adoption of suitable human capital architecture would also go a long way toward s enabling an organisation like Sears to implement its desired strategies. In this case, Sears should ensure that they select and hire employees in a manner that is consistent with the organisation’s operational goals and competitive strategy. At the same time, the reward system that Sears has adopted should be a pointer to the components of a successful implementation of compensation and appraisal systems. There is also need to ensure that the strategies developed emphasize performance management system and training in line with the firm’s business objectives. Challenges Even as Sears may have realised an impressive improvement in its business over the past few years, however, it is important to note that lately, the company has started to experience a slowdown in such key areas as customer satisfaction ratings as well as decline revenues. In addition, there has been a reported change in attitude of the company’s associates. It is important to address this chal lenge as it might affect the competitiveness and profitability of the company in the long run. Could Sears have reached its saturation point in terms of profitability? Was the management right in reducing the number of divisions that the firm operates, as a cost-cutting measure? Are there employees who are not able to connect with the company’s three Cs? Is there the likelihood of some of the current Sears associates opting to shift their focus elsewhere as the company is no longer in a position to maintain the organizational environment as an ideal place to invest, shop, and work? Should the management and employees be motivated in other more effective ways that the current forms of motivation? Has the human resource department at Sears exposed all options that would enable the company to scale greater height of success? How best can the momentum to improve be sustained or improved? All of these are potential questions that the management and CEO of Sears need to think about if at all the company is to realise its set of goals, vision, mission, values, and goals. Conclusion The above case study reveals the importance of human resource functions in the success of a business entity. The ability of Sears to develop and execute viable human resource policies, practices and strategies has proven to be the magic formula that the firm needed to make a positive turnaround. By embracing a human resource strategy that integrates the company’s values, vision, mission, and goals with its employees, shareholders and customers in the form of the three Cs, Sears has managed to record significant gains in employee behavior, customer retention, and increased profitability., the firm has also improved employee recruitment system by incorporating an assessment tool that evaluates the potential candidates’ dependability and attitudes towards customer service. In addition, the firm has pegged employee remuneration on the company’s performance. All thes e strategies have seen the firm realise tremendous growth in profitability and market share. However, there has been a slowdown in customer satisfaction ratings, revenue collection, and in the attitude of employees, customers and shareholders as regards Sears being an ideal place to work, shop, and invest. There is need therefore to take appropriate action in a bid to get to the root cause of this problem and hopefully, salvage the situation. Works Cited Berndt, Adele. Customer relationship management customer service, New Delhi: Junta and Company Ltd, 2004. Print. Guest, David and N. Conway. Employee Motivation and the Psychological  Contract, London: Institute of Personnel and Development, 1997. Print. Kirn, Steven, Anthony, Rucci, Mark, Huselid and Becker, Brian. â€Å"Strategic Human Resource management at Sears.† Human Resource Management 38.4(1999): 329 335. Print. Pfeffer, Jeffrey. The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First, Boston, MA: Harvard Bus iness School Press, 1998. Print. Thompson, Mac and R. Richardson. The Impact of People Management  Practices – A Review of the Literature, London: Institute of Personnel and Development, 1999. Print. This report on Strategic Human Resource Management at Sears was written and submitted by user Briana Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of William Walker, Yankee Imperialist

Biography of William Walker, Yankee Imperialist William Walker (May 8, 1824–September 12, 1860) was an American adventurer and soldier who served as president of Nicaragua from 1856 to 1857. He tried to gain control over most of Central America  but failed and was executed by firing squad in 1860 in Honduras. Fast Facts: William Walker Known For: Invading and taking over Latin American countries (known as filibustering)Also Known As: General Walker; the grey-eyed man of destinyBorn: May 8, 1824 in Nashville, TennesseeParents: James Walker, Mary NorvellDied: September 12, 1860 in Trujillo, HondurasEducation: University of Nashville, University of Edinburgh,  University of Heidelberg, University of PennsylvaniaPublished Works: The War in Nicaragua Early Life Born into a distinguished family in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 8, 1824, William Walker was a child genius. He graduated from the University of Nashville at the top of his class at the age of 14. By the time he was 25, he had a degree in medicine and another in law and was legally allowed to practice as both a doctor and lawyer. He also worked as a publisher and journalist. Walker was restless, taking a long trip to Europe and living in Pennsylvania, New Orleans, and San Francisco in his early years. Although he stood only 5-foot-2, Walker had a commanding presence and the charisma to spare. The Filibusters In 1850, Venezuelan-born Narciso Lopez led a group of mostly American mercenaries in an assault on Cuba. The goal was to take over the government and later attempt to become part of the United States. The state of Texas, which had broken off from Mexico a few years before, was an example of a region of a sovereign nation that had been taken over by Americans before gaining statehood. The practice of invading small countries or states with the intention of causing independence was known as filibustering. Although the U.S. government was in full expansionist mode by 1850, it frowned on filibustering as a way to expand the nations borders. Assault on Baja California Inspired by the examples of Texas and Lopez, Walker set out to conquer the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California, which at that time were sparsely populated. With only 45 men, Walker marched south and promptly captured La Paz, the  capital of Baja California. Walker renamed the state the Republic of Lower California, later to be replaced by the Republic of Sonora, declared himself president, and applied the laws of the State of Louisiana, which included legalized slavery. Back in the United States, word of his daring attack had spread. Most Americans thought Walkers project was a great idea. Men lined up to volunteer to join the expedition. Around this time, he got the nickname the gray-eyed man of destiny. Defeat in Mexico By early 1854, Walker had been reinforced by 200 Mexicans who believed in his vision and another 200 Americans from San Francisco who wanted to get in on the ground floor of the new republic. But they had few supplies, and discontent grew. The Mexican government, which could not send a large army to crush the invaders, nevertheless was able to muster up enough of a force to skirmish with Walker and his men a couple of times and keep them from getting too comfortable in La Paz. In addition, the ship that had carried him to Baja California sailed off against his orders, taking many of his supplies with it. In early 1854, Walker decided to roll the dice and march on the strategic city of Sonora. If he could capture it, more volunteers and investors would join the expedition. But many of his men deserted, and by May he had only 35 men left. He crossed the border and surrendered to American forces there, never having reached Sonora. On Trial Walker was tried in San Francisco in federal court on charges of violating United States neutrality laws and policies. Popular sentiment was still with him, however, and he was acquitted of all charges by a jury after only eight minutes of deliberating. He returned to his law practice, convinced that he would have succeeded with more men and supplies. Nicaragua Within a year, Walker was back in action. Nicaragua was a rich, green nation that had one great advantage: in the days before the  Panama Canal, most shipping went through Nicaragua along a route that led up the San Juan River from the Caribbean, across Lake Nicaragua and then overland to the port of Rivas. Nicaragua was in the throes of a civil war between the cities of Granada and Leon to determine which city would have more power. Walker was approached by the Leon faction- which was losing- and soon rushed to Nicaragua with some 60 well-armed men. Upon landing, he was reinforced with another 100 Americans and almost 200 Nicaraguans. His army marched on Granada and captured it in October 1855. Because he was already considered supreme general of the army, he had no trouble declaring himself president. In May 1856, U.S. President  Franklin Pierce  officially recognized Walkers government. Defeat in Nicaragua Walker had made many enemies in his conquest. Greatest among them was perhaps  Cornelius Vanderbilt, who controlled an international shipping empire. As president, Walker revoked Vanderbilts rights to ship through Nicaragua. Vanderbilt was enraged and sent soldiers to oust him. Vanderbilts men were joined by those of other Central American nations, chiefly Costa Rica, who feared that Walker would take over their countries. Walker had overturned Nicaraguas anti-slavery laws and made English the official language, which angered many Nicaraguans. In early 1857 the Costa Ricans invaded, supported by Guatemala,  Honduras, and El Salvador, as well as Vanderbilts money and men. Walkers army was defeated at the Second Battle of Rivas, and he was forced to return once again to the United States. Honduras Walker was greeted as a hero in the U.S., particularly in the South. He wrote a book about his adventures, resumed his law practice, and began making plans to try again to take Nicaragua, which he still believed to be his. After a few false starts, including one in which U.S. authorities captured him as he set sail, he landed near Trujillo, Honduras, where he was captured by the British Royal Navy. Death The British already had important colonies in Central American in British Honduras, now Belize, and the Mosquito Coast, in present-day Nicaragua, and they did not want Walker stirring up rebellions. They turned him over to Honduran authorities, who executed him by firing squad on Sept. 12, 1860. It is reported that in his final words he asked for clemency for his men, assuming the responsibility of the Honduras expedition himself. He was 36 years old. Legacy Walkers filibusters had a significant impact on southerners interested in maintaining slave-owning territory; even after his death, his example inspired the Confederacy. Central American countries, by contrast, saw their defeat of Walker and his armies as a source of pride. In Costa Rica, April 11 is celebrated as a national holiday to commemorate Walkers defeat at Rivas. Walker has also been the subject of several books and two movies. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"William Walker.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 Mar. 2019.Levrier-Jones, George. â€Å"Man of Destiny: William Walker and the Conquest of Nicaragua.† History Is Now Magazine, 24 Apr. 2018.Norvell, John Edward, How Tennessee Adventurer William Walker became Dictator of Nicaragua in 1857: The Norvell Family origins of the Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny, The Middle Tennessee Journal of Genealogy and History, Vol XXV, No.4, Spring 2012

Profile of the Roman Emperor Nero

Profile of the Roman Emperor Nero Nero was the last of the Julio-Claudians, that most important family of Rome that produced the first 5 emperors (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero). Nero is famed for watching while Rome burned, then using the devastated area for his own luxurious palace, and then blaming the conflagration on the Christians, whom he persecuted. While his predecessor, Claudius, was accused of letting slaves guide his policy, Nero was accused of letting the women in his life, especially his mother, guide his. This wasnt considered an improvement. Family and Upbringing of Nero Nero Claudius Caesar (originally Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, sister of the future emperor Caligula, in Antium, on December 15, A.D. 37. Domitius died when Nero was 3. Caligula banished his sister, and so Nero grew up with his paternal aunt, Domitia Lepida, who chose a barber (tonsor) and a dancer (saltator) for Neros tutors. When Claudius became emperor after Caligula, Neros inheritance was returned, and when Claudius married Agrippina, a proper tutor, Seneca, was hired for young Nero. Neros Career Nero might have had a successful career as an entertainer, but that was not to be at least officially. Under Claudius, Nero pleaded cases in the forum and was given opportunities to ingratiate himself with the Roman people. When Claudius died, Nero was 17. He presented himself to the palace guard, who pronounced him emperor. Nero then went to the ​Senate, which gave him the appropriate imperial titles. As emperor, Nero served as consul 4 times. Compassionate Elements of Neros Reign Nero reduced heavy taxes and fees paid to informers. He gave salaries to impoverished senators. He introduced certain fire-preventing and fire-fighting innovations. Suetonius says Nero devised a method of forgery prevention. Nero also replaced public banquets with grain distribution. His response to people criticizing his artistic skills was mild. Some Charges Against Nero Some of Neros infamous acts, which led to rebellion in the provinces, included inflicting punishments on Christians (and blaming them for the devastating fire in Rome), sexual perversions, marauding and murdering Roman citizens, building the extravagant Domus Aurea Golden House, charging citizens with treason to confiscate their property, murdering his mother and aunt, and causing (or at least performing while watching) the burning of Rome. Nero gained notoriety for inappropriately performing. It is said that as he died, Nero lamented that the world was losing an artist. Death of Nero Nero committed suicide before he could be captured and flogged to death. Revolts in Gaul and Spain had promised to bring Neros reign to an end. Almost all his staff deserted him. Nero tried to kill himself, but required the assistance of his scribe, Epaphrodite, to stab himself in the neck. Nero died at the age of 32. Ancient Sources on Nero Tacitus describes the reign of Nero, but his Annals end before the last 2 years of Neros reign. Cassius Dio (LXI-LXIII) and Suetonius also provide biographies of Nero. Tacitus on Nero and the Fire Tacitus on the Modifications Nero Made to Building After the Fire of Rome (15.43)... The buildings themselves, to a certain height, were to be solidly constructed, without wooden beams, of stone from Gabii or Alba, that material being impervious to fire. And to provide that the water which individual license had illegally appropriated, might flow in greater abundance in several places for the public use, officers were appointed, and everyone was to have in the open court the means of stopping a fire. Every building, too, was to be enclosed by its own proper wall, not by one common to others. These changes which were liked for their utility, also added beauty to the new city. Some, however, thought that its old arrangement had been more conducive to health, inasmuch as the narrow streets with the elevation of the roofs were not equally penetrated by the suns heat, while now the open space, unsheltered by any shade, was scorched by a fiercer glow.​​ -Â  Annals of Tacitus Tacitus on Neros Blaming the Christians (15.44).... But all human efforts, all the lavish gifts of the emperor, and the propitiations of the gods, did not banish the sinister belief that the conflagration was the result of an order. Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular. Accordingly, an arrest was first made of all who pleaded guilty; then, upon their information, an immense multitude was convicted, not so much of the crime of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind. Mo ckery of every sort was added to their deaths. Covered with the skins of beasts, they were torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or were doomed to the flames and burnt, to serve as a nightly illumination, when daylight had expired. Nero offered his gardens for the spectacle, and was exhibiting a show in the circus, while he mingled with the people in the dress of a charioteer or stood aloft on a car.​ -Â  Annals of Tacitus

The Article by Atul Gawande (2009) New Yorker Term Paper

The Article by Atul Gawande (2009) New Yorker - Term Paper Example Some scholars suggest that the system has drifted out of control: â€Å"Through no planned design or evil intent, our health care system has evolved in ways that better serve a myriad of economic, professional, and political interests than those of patients and families, and the larger public† (Mechanic, 2006, p. ix). Gawande, however, sees a much bleaker picture, and suggests that there are areas in America where doctors and administrators are financially tied into provision, and that this encourages massive amounts of over-treatment, with no benefit to patients. Gawande’s article describes a huge discrepancy in the per capita costs of medical care in two comparable districts, McAllen and El Paso, Texas, while there is no evidence that the higher cost location (McAllen) offers better care or achieves better results. This gives rise to a serious ethical problem: in El Paso patients have much lower rates of access to all kinds of tests and treatments, while in McAllen, t hey have much higher rates. The variation is due to doctor behavior, and not down to the demographics of the citizens, since the two regions are very similar. This is the kind of situation that led to the passing of the 2010 Health Care Reform bill which aims to extend health coverage to from 83% to 95% of the legally resident population. (Tumulty, 2010, p. 1) Unfortunately, however, huge variation in the way that this money is spent will mean that a fair and equal service is not likely to happen. From the point of view of justice, or fairness, such unequal practices cannot be defended, since all American citizens should have equal access to the benefits of our modern technologies. From a utilitarian point of view, there is a deviation from best practice, since in the McAllen hospitals there is little effort to gain the greatest benefit to patients for the lowest cost. Increasing the amount of testing in order to maximise revenue is the very opposite of ethical behaviour on the part of institutions where doctors earn more for ordering more procedures and tests. Gawande suggests that the problem lies with the structures of delivery, and describes the McAllen healthcare model as â€Å"as system that has no brakes† (Gawanda, p. 14). He cites the example of the Mayo clinic, where doctors receive a fixed salary, as a potential solution. Fewer scans are done, and more discussion between doctors takes place to minimize unnecessary treatments, all of which come with risks as well as benefits, and to try to ensure that patients have what they need, rather than what can be sold to them for profit. There is little incentive to cherry pick patients in this kind of system, and hospitals which follow this style find that overall costs are lower, and quality of care goes up. This analysis takes a refreshing look at the way the whole system is set up, and this gives the reader an overview of things rather than just the view of an economist, or a health professional, or an administrator. It highlights the error that patients, and some doctors, often make, in thinking that more testing is always good. The point is to do what is the best for the patient, and not what sustains the system. If there was more of this kind of benchmarking across hospitals with comparable patient characteristics, then perhaps more could be done to eliminate wasteful

Figures of speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Figures of speech - Essay Example Figures of speech Style and outstanding clarity are major features of the profound speakers in the world’s history. The ultimate objective of the figures is to initiate a creative shape of the speech. The diverse figures have unique purposes within the speeches. This is evident in the subsequent analysis of Martin Luther’s speech. Diverse figures are evident in the speech of Martin Luther King Jnr. Artful repetition is a paramount technique in formulating and presenting speeches. This involves a deliberate repetition of words or phrases with an objective of clarity and emphasis. The figure of speech also minimizes the complexity of the concepts at hand. Therefore, the audiences have maximum benefits from this figure of speech. It disintegrates sophisticated details for the interest of the audience. This is an evident phenomenon in the speech by Martin Luther King Jnr. In his third paragraph, he artfully repeats the phrase â€Å"one hundred years later†. This brings an emphasis and clarity about the chronology within the hundred years of an immigrant. Therefore, he skillfully disintegrates the complexity of history and presents a simple account. Assertion is also a paramount figure of speech. This technique ensures a revelation of relationships amongst concepts of discussion. The audience always attains clarity and understanding from the comprehensive comparisons of the concepts under discussion. Under this technique, analogies are essential figures of speech. They signify particular affiliations amongst the concepts of discussion.

My Leadership Style

My Leadership Style According to my results, it indicates that my leadership style is predominately Participative, which means that I am capable of working with group members who understand the objectives and their role in the task. My biggest strength is hard work, sharing the sense of responsibility, punctuality, time management and the ability to meet deadlines. I am a very trustworthy person with an ability to work as a team player or as an individual which helps me to survive under different kind of environments. According to my past experienced, my supervisor came over and praised me for my hard work for the past five weeks and he also informed me that they will offer me a team leader job once I finished my course. My Weakness is that I get hurt very quickly if someone disregards my sincere efforts, or accuse me of being guilty of a mistake which I never did, this does results in a mental stress which ultimately effects my performance .Secondly sometimes I get emotional. This is what I think are my biggest strength and weaknesses. And I need to improve this strength and weaknesses. Leadership theories Leadership is a way of leading others to get the desired results. There are many theories presented by different author and I am going to discuss some of the theories which are as follow: Situational leadership theory It is developed by Hersey and Blanchard, is based on the premise that leaders need to alter their behaviours depending on one major situational factor-the readiness of followers. It focuses on two behaviours: task behaviour and relationship behaviour. Task behaviour is the leaders tendency to spell out duties and responsibilities of the group. Relationship behaviour is the leaders tendency to use two-way or multi-way communication To determine which combination of behaviour is appropriate for a given situation, a leader must access the follower readiness. Follower readiness means followers willingness and ability to accomplish a task. The following are the leadership style that might be used: Telling- giving specific task directions and closely supervising work; a high task , low-relationship style Selling- explaining task directions in a supportive and persuasive way; a high task, low-relationship style. Participating- emphasizing shared ideas and participative decisions on task directions; a low task, high-relationship style. Delegating- allowing the group to take responsibility for task decisions; a low task, low-relationship style. In using this situational leadership theory, leaders decide the task areas they want to influence assess the individuals readiness level, select the leadership style corresponding to that level. Path-goal theory It explains how leader behaviour can positively influence the motivation and job satisfaction of subordinates. It is closely associated with expectancy theory; it is focused on the way leaders influence subordinates perception of work goals and paths to achieve both work and personal goals. This theory argues that the perception of subordinates is affected by the following leader behaviours. Directive leader behaviour- letting subordinates know what is expected of them, providing guidance about work methods, developing work schedules, identifying work evaluation standards, and indicating the basis for outcomes or rewards. Supportive leader behaviour- entails showing concern for the status ,wellbeing and needs of subordinates; doing small things to make work more pleasant; and being friendly and approachable. Participative leader behaviour- it is characterised by consulting with subordinates, encouraging their suggestions, and carefully considering their ideas when making decisions Achievement-oriented leader behaviour- involves setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level, and conveying a high degree of confidence in subordinates. Leaders should also consider two important situational factors: subordinate and context characteristics. Normative leadership model The Normative leadership model developed by Vroom and Yetton helps leaders assess critical situational factors affecting the extent to which they should involve subordinates in particular decisions. In this model, decisions made by managers in relation to group problems are identified as belonging to one of five basics groups. A1: the leader makes the decisions using available information. A2: the leader obtains necessary information from subordinates then makes the decision. C1: the leader shares the problem with relevant subordinates, individually then makes the decision. C2: the leader obtains information and an idea from subordinates in a group session then makes the decision. G2: The leaders share the problem with the group and coordinate their efforts to devise a solution. The model includes a number of questions the manager can ask about the decision or problem, which may help him/her to decide which method is most appropriate given the situation. Transformational and transactional leadership Transformational leaders motivates individuals to perform beyond normal expectations by inspiring subordinates to focus on broader missions transcending their own immediate self-interest, to concentrate on intrinsic higher-level goals rather than extrinsic lower level goals, and to have confidence in their abilities to achieve the extraordinary missions articulated by the leader. Transformational leadership is supplementary to transactional leadership; it does not replace it. Transformational leadership includes three important factors: Charisma is a leadership factors comprising the leaders ability to inspire pride, faith and respect. To recognise what is important. Individual consideration is a leadership where leaders pays attention to the individual followers needs and treat every individual as equal. Intellectual stimulation is a leadership factor involving offering new ideas to stimulate followers to rethink old ways of doing things, encouraging followers to look at problems from multiple vantage points. Transactional leaders are leaders who motivates subordinates to perform at expected levels by helping them recognise task responsibilities, identify goals, acquire confidence about meeting desired performance levels, and understand how their needs and the rewards they desire are linked to goal achievement. leadership role model/s Leadership means different things to different people. It refers to the process of influencing others to achieve organisational goals. There are many leaders who have proven themselves in front of others such as Manmohan Singh, Adolf Hitler. They change the future of whole world by their leadership styles. I have chosen two political leaders to compare and contrast their leadership theory and styles. The First political leader is a current Prime-minister of India (Dr.Manmohan Singh) and the second one is ex: President of Libya (Muammar Gaddafi). Leadership profiles Manmohan Singh was born in 26 September 1932 in Goha village, Punjab But after Indias partition now this village is in Pakistan. His family was migrated to Amritsar sahib, India during partition in 1947. He was very intelligent and bright student from the starting of his study career. He was always come first to learn something new. After the partition he starts his study in Hindu college. In 1952 1954 he got his bachelors and masters degree. He stands first in his whole academic career. He receives a Wren bury scholarship as well. He finishes his study from university Oxford in 1962. After receive doctorate in economics from Oxford University, he worked for United Nations and after this he began his bureaucratic career. He works as an advisor in the ministry of foreign trade with Lalit Narayan Mishra. After this he handled so many posts for government of India like Chief Economic Advisor (1972-76), Governor of reserve bank (1982-85) and head of planning commission (1985-87). In 22 may 2004 He selected as a 13th Prime-Minister of India. Manhohan Singh follows participative and bureaucratic leadership style in his whole career. He is the in charge of every action related to development of a country. He takes other ideas into consideration while placing any step further towards the development. He follows the rules and regulations and ensures that other people follow the rules and regulations consistently and accurately. From the starting of his Prime-minister career he set up many rules for the people of India to decrease the bribe and poverty in country and Increase the economy of country. Muammar Gaddafi was born on 7th June 1942 in Libya. Initially he was ruler of Libyan Arab Republic till 1977 and then Brother Leader of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya till his last breath. He was considered as an Autocratic leader. He took the Libyan politics to a new height where he defined ideal autocratic style. He ruled the country with his power for a long period of time. He closed American and British military bases immediately when he came to power. He expelled Italian settlers in 1970 when he saw western imperialism battling against Arab nations. A lot of similar activities were introduced during his rule but it made a negative impact on the public of Libya. People never recognized him as a leader but because of his power nobody took a step forward to compete with him. (2008) It is clear that both the leaders were going in a different direction. Manmohan Singh was a well educated economist and Gaddafi was not qualified. Manmhohan Singh has never tried to bring his successors to politics whereas Gaddafi has used his power to bring his successors in different professions. Manmohan Singh was prime minister of independent India and got elected with co-operation from political parties. He was working as an employee of the country rather than ruling it and any decision made by him was agreed by rest of the party members. On the other hand, Gaddafi took the country in his hands and introduced new rules according to Arab believes and thoughts. He never took suggestions from anybody and has always been against western nations. In summary, even though both the leaders were a lot different from each other in terms of commanding but there were some similarities as well. For the growth of countrys economy Gaddafi introduced new taxes for oil companies. Manmohan Singh has always focused on growth of Indian economy and was an advantage because he worked previously as finance minister of India. Change Management The many complications of change in organisation begin with human nature. People tend to act habitually and in stable ways over time. They may not want to change even when circumstances require it. In order to keep them up to date and be acceptable for change both the leaders need to use kurt lewin model of change management. There are three stages in that unfreezing, changing, refreezing. Unfreezing is the stage in which a situation is prepared for change and felt needs for change are developed first both have to unfreeze the situation. Changing is the phase where a planned change actually takes place. In this both can put their change planning into action. Refreezing is the phase at which change is stability. By using these both can evaluate results and give feedback. Benchmarking criteria Leadership is the most important part of an organisation. Because organisation growth depends on leadership, it means how leader perform well with their group to gain productivity and trustful environment which make their business do well with maximum support. Leadership is the way of leading others and creating role model for follower to follow as an example. Lots of qualities make a leader perfect in leadership. There are many qualities that a leader should have but I am only going to discuss few of them: Creativity- a leaders should be creative in ideas to be productive. Creativity makes a person to think outside of the box to get the desired results. It is the magic wand that helps leaders to achieve organisation goal and overcome of barriers. Openness- leader should always be open to new ideas and listen other point of view. Openness means creating good relation with other by listening their views and encouraging their work. It builds trust and mutual understanding among leaders and followers. Dedication- means having a can do attitude towards the task. Getting task done by using maximum energy, to set an example for follower to do the same. Followers always look up to their leader so it is important to set an example by accomplishing the goals by giving full dedication to the work. Honesty- it makes a person trustworthy among others. Leader should be honest to their follower to build trustful relation with them to achieve required goals. Because honesty is the best policy. Well known to code of Ethics- leader should follow code of ethics so the follower can also do the same. Code of ethics is rules and regulation that an organisation brings for everyone to behave ethically according to the law by treating everyone as equal. It keeps the sensibility of deciding what is right and what is wrong. Keep high standards- it is the responsibility of leader to keep high standards by having regular meetings. Keep up the morale of the employees by motivating them and by giving them feedback on their performance. Collaborative- being collaborative means to work in a team with maximum effort. Collaborative makes teams productive and attainable. Responsibility- it is important for a leader to understand the responsibility of the leadership to lead the team. A leader should run the organisation by organising effective and productive team meetings. Confident- leader should demonstrate integrity and personal commitment and be confident to take several decisions. He/she should be confident to lead the team by creating friendly environment and should use the appropriate decision-making style for specific issues. If the leader is confident it is easy for him/her to gain trust of others. Communication skills: it is important for a leader to have communication skills to interact with other. Leader must have the knowledge of several cultures. If a leader lack this skill then it will be very difficult for leader to lead the group. All the qualities in a good leader are useless without this communication skill. Section 2: self assessment 2.1 benchmarking Creativity- creativity is something that relates with thinking. I have creativity in myself for generating ideas and it is proven because I have completed my applied management case study in which I did think out of the box to generate possible solution to the problem. Openness- I always get excited about group task because it gives us opportunity to listen other point of view and share views with each other. I am a very open person I always admire other ideas and point of view because it lead us to success. Dedication- I always give my full dedication to the task that has been assigned to me for example at my workplace they have weekly audit regarding performance of employees, in that audit I always score 99% or 100% out of 100%.it shows how much dedicated I am towards my goals. Honesty- in the school times I learn honesty is the best policy and I always use to follow that in my life. Be honest; be reliable so that other can trust you under any circumstances. Well known to code of ethics- code of ethics is set of rules and regulation that each individual needs to follow. I follow every rule at my job such as we need to be in professional dress, always speak in English so that other can also understand and no one can do others clock in or clock out. Keep high standard- at my work place they always keep their standard high. Sometime I rate myself by doing my own audit at work so that I can also understand where I stand. I always come to college as organised always have my folder of notes with me, so that I can perform well while lecture or task. Collaborative- I am very collaborative because I perform well in group discussion. Being collaborative means gaining knowledge through others. Responsibility- I am a responsible person as I already mention that I always come prepared to college with my notes. I use take responsibility if anything goes wrong. Confident- I am a confident person because it help us to achieve our goals and I always be confident about my work at job because I know what I have to do to score well in audit. Communication skills- it is an important factor of leadership because it helps us to communicate with other whether they belong to different nationality. I am good in communicating because I like to learn other languages like in brazil if we have to say welcome then we have to say oi. This criteria show how I rate myself in relation to these qualities of leadership. The rating is from 0 to 9, where 9 is highest and 0 is lowest. Quality Rating Creativity 5 Openness 6 Dedication 7 Honesty 8 Well known to Code of Ethics 7 keep high standards 8 Collaborative 7 Responsibility 5 Confident 6 Communication skills 5 Rationale I have rate myself according to where I stands. 0-6 means low and average and I need to improve that. 7 9 means highest and it shows my effort. I have shown this rating according to my performance at job, what I believe, how I perform at work and what I am doing in my day to day life. My creativity and communication skills are low and I need to work on it to develop myself according to the business situation because sometimes I lack this skills. I need to gain some more confident and openness so that I can achieve my goals. Dedication, honesty, collaborative makes me perform well in every task. 2.2 Reflection I am discussed above about my strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. These I have found where I am working now. My Manager promotes me as a Supervisor in his company. He told me that he have got trust and have confident about me. What I am wanted from my follower, they do the same thing to reach the goals and meet expectations for organisation. I am listening to everybody from my team, what they want to innovate for new things and if they have got the new idea then I am also implement that idea and give reward to the team to get new ideas. Personal cultural context is a persons primary source of how he or she would form their identity. It is a source for defining a person, expression, and the sense of group needed by all humans. I am belonging to Sikh religion and I have got my cultural things from my parents. In our culture we respect to everybody and we do not call elders by their first name. My short term goals are to get information about the business, improve the communication, daily updates in my vocabulary, and finish the tasks to get the work done. I am learning the business leadership qualities from my teacher and implement these qualities in my real life. Implement the new leadership strategy at work so that I will be a good leader for my followers. My long terms are to establish a business organisation and serve the people and community and earn some money from it so that it will be cover up my all living expenses. Apart of that, I want to also do side business in my life. My dream is to design Aircraft from my own hands and establish big industry for Airlines in New Zealand. What I needs to establish this company is money and that I will be earn from my business organisation. Section 3: Personal Development Plan Opportunities There are following opportunities that I look in myself. These are as follow: Short Term Opportunity: Confident: I need to be confident for whatever I want to achieve. I need to develop myself so that I can accept any change and achieve goals. I need to be competitive at all times. I am not afraid of any challenges I really like when anybody challenges me because it gives me an opportunity to prove myself. Barriers will come in my life but I need to have a potential to face any challenges in my life. Team player: I want to become more collaborative with others to build trust and understanding to face any challenges with maximum cooperation. Without being collaborative I cannot become a good leader and cannot achieve my goals. Productive : I am very dedicated person but I want to developed this ability a little bit more because I am enthusiastic person and every time when anybody assign me any task I give my full effort to accomplish that task. I have high energy levels that seem to go on forever and it becomes my passion to achieve the goals. Being collaborative means is also a very important leadership skill. I am ready to do any kind of effort to accomplish my goals and lead my followers as an example. Rationale: Long term opportunity: Become team leader: my boss already offered me a job to become team leader in the company. And I am pursuing this course to accomplish my goal. I have dream about this job when I join this company. Improve English: I need to improve my English to become a good leader so that my follower can admire my effort. Sometimes the words dont come out in fluently on lips. So I have to work more on communication skills. Because this goal is very essential to be achievable in business and in personal life as well. Settled down in New Zealand: It was my dream to come to New Zealand and settled down in New Zealand. Now I am here in New Zealand, one part of my dream I s fulfilled and I want rest will also come true. But for that I need to work hard and learn the criteria of getting settled down in New Zealand. Rationale I have chosen these short term and long term opportunity that I need to improve in myself for future. I have found the less communication skills in myself when I talk to another person. I cannot speak the words correctly so that why I think I need to improve these skills to read the newspapers, websites, improve in vocabulary, and speak up in front of mirror. I really have to confident when I start conversation to other person. Its very tough to be a good competitor in my field. But I need to try a lot to get adequate knowledge. I have seen at work that the two another person who has a good knowledge and the boss has only discussed with them. But when the boss asks me something then I cannot answer him properly. Then I thought I need to get insufficient information about the work. I have to really improve for short term goal as well. These goals I am very hard working in my field. But I need to build the relationship with people so that I can improve my interpersonal skills. Everyone should have ability to make relation with customer and the community. Because of if we need something then they can help us to make our business easier and best. I want to be assertive in my field. I found some difficulties at my work. Some of the other staff asking me question and sometimes they want to be share their ideas with me but all the time i ignored to them. So I need to become more assertive so that I can help them and become a good leader. Once I have stuck some difficult situation at job. One day I have very tired and feeling weakness and my performance was reducing to some extent. When my manager review me and he said your weekly performance has go down. So in that area I need to improve my strength and be a hard worker all the time. I had desire to become a GM in any organisation after the Business Management course. This is my long term goal and I have to complete it within the time. I need to be more qualitative and confident to become part of good management. I have to go through the any material that I need to use for a General Manager. Strategies I want to use the strategy to develop my communication skills. First I will record my voice on a digital recorder and play back to hear what I just said. Determine whether my sound confident and assured and I understood what I just said. Be willing to listen to what others have to say in all environments; at work, at school and with my friends. I want to have good and right attitude when doing conversation to others. Because good attitude can take me further where I want to go otherwise people can ignore me. I want to be a punctual in my life. To become a good competitor I need to be go through every learning material that improve my skills in future. This can be getting by to read the books and go to the internet. Everything I can find in the Google. There are various techniques to use these skills in business. Timeframe I have set the time to improve these skills for my future. I have set all the short time goal and long term goals that I need to use in the future. I need to be 1 year time (1/09/2013) to improve my all skills including short term plans. This can only be done by me to use the various methods. Long term plans need the 4 years by (1/09/2017) time so that I can learn everything including short term goals. In the one year, I have to improve my skills and short term goals to go further in future and set the long term goals. I need four years to set up my business and then I will go for further to set the short term and long term goals after get these goals. This way I can fulfil my dreams. I need to implement the strategy to develop my skills for next four months. For this I have select the date (5/05/2013). This strategy I can be writing and implement till this date. After that I can reach on these short term and long term goals. Measures I can measure these objectives when I have got the knowledge about everything and I have prepare for everything that I need to go further and set business in future. Skills I can measure it from if I will confident to do something because the person who have skills and he have the knowledge about everything then he is the confident to do anything because he knows all the things what and where can it happens. The second I can measure it from the society, if I have the good communication skills and have can do attitude rather than the other people then I can forecast that I achieved my objectives that I need to use in the future. Resourcing According to my short term goals and long term goals and the skills and objectives that I need to accomplish these goals. I need the internet resource so that I can go everything to learn and get adequate and advance knowledge. Google and Wikipedia sites have everything that I can help and learn easily my skills and objectives. I can found the survey online and give paper online to compete myself to the whole world. I need the training from my company. I can get help from my leader to improve these skills and goals. My manager can give me the training about the leadership from where I work now. I can get various knowledge from my team members and followers. I want to go through with the volunteer work. I need to read through the books, magazines and newspapers. Everything has mention in the newspaper and we can learn from our politician. I can also improve these things from TV. Because TV has run various channel like discovery and other channels so I can get my knowledge from these channels.

Lenin’s death in 1924 Essay

12 marker: Explain why; at the time of Lenin’s death in 1924 there was no obvious successor to lead The USSR. Lenin’s death came as a great shock to many Russians in 1924; he led the October Revolution in 1917 he was seen as father like role to Russians. He had built up a new government and allowed many of his fellow Bolsheviks roles positions in his new Soviet State, and these figures all thought that they have the power and influence to lead Russia. Lenin knew that he was ill and that he would not be able to keep on making key decisions and attending committee and politburo meetings. He felt that the people in his government saw this as an opportunity to try and assert their power and then after his death have a good chance of becoming the leader of The USSR. He wrote a testament, damning five of the people that held high authority in his new government: Trotsky, Stalin, Bukharin, Zinoviev and Kamenev. If this were to be circulated in the party it would mean that people lower down in the party would be questioning these people too, they might feel that these individuals had too much power. However, these were the leading communists and there did not seem to be any other Bolsheviks that were capable or ready to become a leader. Lenin called Trotsky ‘excessively self-assured’ Lenin thought that Trotsky focused too much on himself and not enough on the Russian people. Lenin also called Stalin the other main contender for the role of leader ‘too rude’ and stated that he has been placed with too much power within the part as Secretary-General; this has made him quite arrogant. Lenin calls for Russians to remember that although Zinoviev and Kamenev are quite underestimated, that they were not loyal to the October Revolution and therefore not the most trustworthy or loyal. Lenin feels that Bukharin is very intelligent, and would be good at the administration aspect of leadership but not a good enough orator to be seen as a strong leader by the masses. This really set the cat among the pigeons; it showed that Lenin did not have confidence in one single successor, showing negative aspects of all of the possible candidates. Although this was suppressed by Kamenev and Zinoviev from being read at the 23rd party conference, Stalin had the most to lose if this had been read, being very critical of his personality and power. Ultimately, it showed that there was going to be a power struggle, and that there was no obvious successor. Lenin’s Testament highlighted some major concerns of his, that there were five possible successors but none of them seemed obvious to go straight to the leadership position. Trotsky was seen as an alternative main candidate, he had a lot of support from the working class in the two main cities, Moscow and Petrograd. He was educated and a brilliant orator, moving crowds of people that came to visit him speak. However, he had many personal weaknesses, he was not liked by a lot of the main decision makers under Lenin, and he needed their support for a leadership position. He did not understand that Russia was an agricultural country and he had to think of the country’s agriculture as much as its industry. Stalin had many important roles within the communist party, commissar for nationalities, worker’s and peasant’s inspectorate and more. Although he had a vast amount of power within the party he was not seen as being consistent, something a leader should be. Also, he had a tough relationship with Lenin before his death. Bukharin was seen as very clever, but not being Marxist enough, he had been appalled by the bloodshed of the civil war and supported the NEP that had allowed an emergence of a middle class, something the Revolution was against. Also Bukharin did not take any side in arguments within the party, showing Lenin that he maybe was not a committed communist. Zinoviev and Kamenev had not been loyal to the October Revolution in 1917; showing that they would not be the leader that Lenin wanted. Lenin thought that they buckled under pressure and for these two reasons did not allow them on the Russian bureau of Central Committee. These factors reinforce the uncertainty for the role of leader, there were candidates that seemed to be strong like Stalin or Trotsky but they had large weaknesses too. Although, there was a lot of room for possible criticism and backstabbing due to the contenders having weaknesses of their own, in 1921 the ban on factionalism introduced by Lenin stopped the formation of groups within his party and stopped criticism of decisions made within the party. It was a way of trying to make the party seem loyal and was basically a ban on free-speech: Meaning that the candidates would not be able to run for leader by highlighting weaknesses to the party or masses. The five candidates would not be able to campaign. Also, because Lenin’s Testament was not published it did not allow the party to make a decision on the leadership, alongside the ban on factions meant that a candidate would just have to seem like a strong runner individually or resort to backstabbing. In conclusion, I believe that by not publishing Lenin’s testament, this meant that his personal opinions were not voiced to the party, at the party conference, where hundreds of the most influential communists would have seen that all of the main five candidates had weaknesses and there was not one that Lenin felt was singly good enough to rule the party. He was possibly hinting to a collective government with a coalition between all five, mixing their positive aspects to make a great USSR. Although the ban on factions was important, the Testament would have voiced the weaknesses of the five people in the running for leadership coming straight from Lenin his conclusion would have gained influence from the party that was loyal to him. Therefore, I believe that by not publishing Lenin’s testament meant that there was great uncertainty over the role of leader.

Health Effects from Cell Phone Tower Radiation - 2899 Words

Health Effects from Cell Phone Tower Radiation by Karen J. Rogers The safety of cell phone towers is the subject of extensive scientific debate. There is a growing body of scientific evidence that the electromagnetic radiation they emit, even at low levels, is dangerous to human health. The cell phone industry is expanding quickly, with over 100,000 cell phone towers now up across the U.S., which is expected to increase ten-fold over the next five years. The industry has set what they say are â€Å"safe levels† of radiation exposure, but there are a growing number of doctors, physicists, and health officials who strongly disagree, and foresee a public health crisis. Many towers have been built recently in Siskiyou Colorado, with dozens†¦show more content†¦[10] Cell phone towers expose the public to involuntary, chronic, cumulative Radio Frequency Radiation. Low levels of RFR have been shown to be associated with changes in cell proliferation and DNA damage. Some scientific studies show adverse health effects reported in the .01 to 100 mW/cm2 range at levels hundreds, indeed, thousands, of times lower than the U.S. standards.These harmful low levels of radiation can reach as far as a mile away from the cell tower location. Reported health problems include headache, sleep disorders, memory impairment, nosebleeds, an increase in seizures, blood brain barrier leakage problems, increased heart rates, lower sperm counts, and impaired nervous systems.[ 11 ] Long term and cumulative exposure to cell tower radiation has no precedent in history. There are no conclusive studies on the safety of such exposures, and the growing body of scientific evidencereports such bioeffects and adverse health effects are possible, if not probable. Dr. Neil Cherry, Ph.D. biophysicist from New Zealand, reports that â€Å"There is no safe level of EMR radiation.†He said the standards are based on thermal effects, but important non-thermal effects also take place, such as cell death and DNA breakdown. Dr. Cherry wrote a 120-page review of 188 scientific studies. â€Å"The electromagnetic radiation causes cells to change in a way that makes them cancer forming.† It can increase the risk of cancer two to five times, he said. â€Å"To claimShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of a Cellular Tower Essay717 Words   |  3 Pagescellular tower is basically a low power, multi-channel two-way radio, which communicates with individual phones. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration, the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) and the zoning board which consists of the members of the cell phone companies maintain that the cell towers do not pose any kind of health hazards to public. 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